Alzheimer’s Disease: consuming Omega-3 EPA reduces risks

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), dietary Omega 3, can improve memory and learning processes, reducing the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. According to a group of Canadian and Thai researchers, the ethyl-EPA, a specific form of this molecule, slows down the decrease of acetylcholine levels. This action helps counteract the onset of this pathology. Research also showed that this Omega-3 reduces the expression of the nerve growth factor (NGF), another indicator of Alzheimer’s disease. According to the authors, this is the first evidence of a correlation between reduced acetylcholine release and memory disorders. The study was published in the Journal of Neurochemistry.

EPA’s action in the brain

To test EPA’s action, researchers supplemented the diets of lab rats with ethyl-EPA or palm oil, a product containing no Omega-3. Rats given palm oil developed typical memory disorder symptoms, including decreased acetylcholine release, important for nerve impulse transmission, and reduced NGF expression. Conversely, rats given EPA showed memory improvement, associated with less reduction in acetylcholine release and NGF expression.

Alzheimer’s disease: which Omega-3?

These results confirm the role of Omega-3s in protecting nervous system health. Previous studies had shown a link between these fatty acids and cognitive functions. Researchers had noted differences in the effects of the two main dietary Omega-3s, EPA and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). In particular, those suffering from cognitive decline typically associated with aging may benefit from DHA, which improves memory. This decline may precede the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s. However, DHA cannot help those already with advanced Alzheimer’s. According to the authors of the study published in the Journal of Neurochemistry, results with EPA administration confirm that this Omega-3 can also improve memory by modulating acetylcholine and NGF activities. Thus, Omega-3s can reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. 

Source 

1. Taepavarapruk P, Song C, “Reductions of acetylcholine release and nerve growth factor expression are correlated with memory impairment induced by interleukin-1beta administrations: effects of omega-3 fatty acid EPA treatment”,  J Neurochem. 2010 Feb;112(4):1054-64. Epub 2009 Dec 3