Omega-3s Reduce the Risk of Psychosis by 22.6% in High-Risk Youth
Psychosis: 22.6% Lower Risk in High-Risk Youths with Omega-3 Supplements
Fish oil rich in Omega-3 fatty acids reduces the likelihood of developing psychosis in young individuals at high risk. This finding comes from a clinical study led by Paul Amminger at the Medical University of Vienna (Austria), demonstrating the effectiveness of Omega-3 EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) in slowing the progression from early symptoms to full-blown psychosis. Published in the Archives of General Psychiatry, the study showed that 12 weeks of fish oil supplementation reduces risk by 22.6%. According to the researchers, this study proves that Omega-3s offer a valid, side-effect-free alternative to antipsychotic drugs.
Omega-3 and Behavioral Disorders
The connection between these fatty acids and cognitive and behavioral functions has already been shown by several studies. The most promising results concern DHA, which has proven especially effective in improving memory in elderly individuals with early cognitive impairments preceding neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Amminger and colleagues focused for the first time on young subjects at high risk of psychosis, revealing a new therapeutic potential of these fatty acids.
The Study
Amminger and colleagues selected 76 patients at high risk of psychosis based on early symptoms of the disorder, including mild psychotic symptoms, transient psychosis, or a family history of psychotic illnesses, combined with reduced functional capacity. These symptoms are associated with up to a 40% chance of developing psychosis within 12 months. Participants received either a placebo—coconut oil—or a fish oil supplement containing 1.2 grams of Omega-3 daily (700 mg EPA and 480 mg DHA) for 12 weeks. At the end, only 4.9% of the Omega-3 group developed psychosis, versus 27.5% in the placebo group. These results suggest that Omega-3 fatty acids could be a valid preventive and therapeutic option for young individuals at risk of psychosis, warranting further study.
Mechanism of Action of Omega-3
The authors hypothesize that observed benefits may be related to changes in cell membranes associated with Omega-3 intake. These nutrients may exert effects by interacting with the brain’s neurotransmitter system, the molecules responsible for nerve impulse transmission.
Benefits of Omega-3
Amminger and colleagues emphasize the importance of discovering natural substances capable of preventing or delaying the onset of a disorder typically treated with medications that carry many side effects. Many patients, especially younger ones, are reluctant to take antipsychotics due to complications such as metabolic changes, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain. In contrast, Omega-3 intake is not associated with significant side effects. These fatty acids are highly tolerable, offer multiple health benefits, and are relatively low cost.
Source
1. Amminger GP, Schafer MR, Papageorgiou K, Klier CM, Cotton SM, Harrigan SM, Mackinnon A, P.D. McGorry, Berger GE, “Long-Chain omega-3 Fatty Acids for Indicated Prevention of Psychotic Disorders: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial”, Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Feb;67(2):146-54
